Unscrew the bottom and post a picture of it if you can, then we can see exactly what ports it has available. But yes, you could do a swap of the current hard drive? With a larger capacity or SSD.

Sounds like your charging port might be killing power adapters…what happened to the 65w charger that came with your framework?

See if your laptop will run while plugged in with the battery removed, what model laptop do you have/any pictured of the battery itself and its serial number? I’m sure you could find another on ebay. Best Buy has a 7 day return policy on electronics, unless you pay $50 for a 1 year membership, with one benefit being price reduction on sale products and a 60-day return policy.